Sub-standard "spicy pillows" need to be banned. The amount of energy and that fact that water or any normal ABC extinguisher cant put the fire out is enough for me to get really strict on regulating them. Especially in apartment/condos
this post was submitted on 28 Jul 2023
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What in the world is a "spicy pillow"?
a puffed-up lithium cell that's about to explode. soft, squishy, and very flammable!
Bike shop worker here: not only are the direct to consumer Asian eBikes shoddily built pieces of shit with proprietary parts galore, but we refuse to intake non mainstream brands' eBikes for this reason. Worst shit
Yeah I have the feeling a lot of them are as bad or in some cases worse than bicycles upfitted with gas engines.
I bet people got super upset when they heard what replacement parts cost. Also, these e-bikes are heavy AF. No way you could just put them on the work stand.
Reminds me of what the hoverboard craze of the mid-10s resulted in, products with a bunch of shoddily-assembled components that turn the batteries into bombs making it onto store shelves faster than the new thing powered by said batteries can get new safety guidelines released for it
Imagine reading this in the 80s - we would have thought that Back to the Future was prophetic.
As someone who designs global battery powered products in the USA and is well versed in the regulatory hurdles, enforcing these rules is long overdue. The fact that people willingly buy and bring these illegitimate products into their home and wear them on their body is mind blowing to me. You can design a safe lithium products but doing it requires full knowledge of the chemistry, electrical design, safety certification process and some wisdom. Chinese vendors on Amazon have very little of this.
If Amazon are going to peddle this crap and profit from it, they should be held accountable for it as well.
The amount of absolute shit on there is absurd.
I do this on the side, buy bulk low cycle lithium ion cells, spot weld them together into banks, and make larger packs.
What is the biggest safety problem seen with these?
My packs are 64P, right now 4s but hopefully 7s soon.
My main safety features are per-cell 5A fuses, 100A fuse on each bank under the battery wrap (not removable without cutting the wrap), and keeping the cells and nickel strips under a layer of kapton tape, followed by an ABS plate I designed and printed, then all the wiring, taped to the ABS with kapton tape. Which is then inside of the battery wrap. I use a lower current circuit breaker on the whole circuit.
My layman research suggests that loose wires are the main reason for fires, so all wires are taped down, and the nickel strips are protected from stress. A cell shorting out should blow the 5A fuse. And if I'm careless and bump the two terminals to a conductor while moving it, there's always a 100A limit. I also only use low-cycled matched cells and currently am charging to 4V and discharging to 3V.
Any other things I can do to make it safer?
Cell quality is important. You want to be using known good quality cells like those from Panasonic, Samsung, LG, etc..
How you manage temperature, charge and discharge is also really important, dendrite growth can cause cell failure in time. Charge temperature is extremely important. So you want to make sure you're using a smart programmable BMS where you can set up all the protections properly. Ideally one with as many temperature probes as you can find, 4 is good, 8 is better and some will have that many.
Otherwise making sure nothing can short out internally is important too, but it sounds like you're putting some thought into that. Most critical IMO from what I've seen on pre-made battery packs is making sure your series banks are well insulated from each other and have no chance of vibration causing the cells to wear through their heatshrink and touch each other.
Remember those popular side-wheel scooters from China that burned down so many houses here in the USA? People stopped buying them because everyone became aware of what a fire hazard they are. You don't see them at all anymore.
China and a few other countries with cheap labor markets are really bad about consumer product safety. They just don't have any law enforcing safety standards. They use maximally cheap production resulting in unsafe products and there's no local legal framework to disallow it. People buy products from these markets without being aware of the hazards. They assume domestic safety standards and that's simply not the case.
New York city and state law can be intrusive and I consider them and California examples of what I call "nanny" states, but that's one I agree with. Upholding safety standards is one of the few situations where I favor regulation of imported products.
We really need a better battery technology, one that doesn't trivially become an incendiary device.
There has actually been a ton of progress with this over the last decade.
However, everything we have discovered so far either can't hold as much energy, has really limited charge cycles, or is far too expensive to use at scale.
Ton of progress?
I would refer to that as "research ongoing but no progress yet".
Current 18650/21700 Li-ion cells are a lot safer than they were 10+ years ago, less chance of thermal runaway and fires now.
The big problem is the higher the energy density the greater the release of energy in a catastrophic failure. For example if you were to increase energy density ten fold, then the release of energy due to catastrophic damage to the battery would be ten fold. Materials aren't even in the consideration, it's going to be an explosion.
We'd certainly welcome an EV battery that weighs greatly less, but safety is always going to be a forefront issue only by the physics of energy storage.
Still there needs to be a lot of improvement. I think the weight issue is the outstanding one. Higher energy density and greater longevity would certainly be welcome, but I think safety will always be skirting the edge. It's not been a fast track toward these goals, but it's still come a good way. Unfortunately I expect lithium-ion technology to hit a wall sooner than later.
trivially it is only when not built or used properly.
We also have gas heating, electricity, cooking with boiling water etc. that all "trivially" become sources of severe injury and death and we manage. Because stuff is built and used according to standards most of the time.
Home gas & electric installations are a lot safer today than they once were. They're actually a great example of how a dangerous power source can be made a lot safer through better choices and engineering.
The first gas ovens and heaters used coal gas, which is carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The monoxide meant that coal gas was highly poisonous to breathe; and both monoxide and hydrogen are odorless — so you might not know the oven was left on unlit and killing your family.
Modern natural gas is mostly methane, with an unpleasant scent added so we can detect leaks. Methane is unbreathable, but still a lot safer to have in your house than monoxide!
(To be clear, the monoxide was not a contaminant; it's a fuel. Coal gas burns into carbon dioxide and water, just like methane.)
So here, we got a better gas technology: in fact, we got a whole different gas; a fundamentally safer-for-humans one — and on top of that, added an extra safety mechanism in the form of an odorizer, making the gas stinky instead of odorless.
Same goes for electricity. Modern home electrical outlets are grounded, greatly reducing the chance of a dangerous shock due to a wiring problem or a defective appliance. And modern circuit breakers are much more reliable than the fuses they replaced; and they don't break, so the homeowner doesn't have an incentive to defeat the safety device the way folks often did with fuses.
And modern kitchen & bathroom outlets have GFCIs, so an appliance shorting out through water (or your body) will break the circuit.
So here, we've gotten better electrical technology too: grounded outlets, circuit breakers, and GFCIs all make electricity much safer than when it was first installed in homes.
To put it morbidly: Coal-gas ovens and ungrounded electrical appliances were both once common means of suicide. Their modern replacements are safe enough that they don't work for that anymore. Same goes for cars, by the way. Modern gasoline cars don't put out enough monoxide to kill a person rapidly by inhaling the exhaust.
So yeah, I think it's perfectly reasonable to say we need a better battery technology, ideally one that doesn't do this sort of thing.
Indeed we certainly need a better technology, or to enforce better regulations, but currently those batteries are the only alternative to gas. So we try and learn from our mistakes, as usual...
Modern electric wiring is grounded and has a proper safety switch if and only if the installation is done correctly. In the same wake your gas pipes in the house are safe if and only if installed correctly and burning appliances like a water heater are only safe if and only if regularly inspected and maintained.
The same is true for Lithium Ion batterys. The technology is not inherently unsafe, in the same way that house installations arent inherently safe. It is merely that the shitty ones and their chargers are not produced following the existing standards on how they need to be designed and maintained and for house installations there is inspectors and other means to enforce standards.
The city forbidding the import of these is the same as them having inspectors to make sure buildings are built according to code.
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From 1980 to 2018 they say vehicle fires decreased by 60%.
That is done by regulation and holding companies accountable for their products. The issues arise from low cost products from shit companies.
People hate inconveniences like regulations because they make prices higher, but security is never about convenience.
We need to stop fining companies miscule amounts and ban imports from companies that don't meet stricter regulations. It isn't going to cost $5 dollars for junk you throw away after one time use if we do that. Users will pay more for a higher quality reusable product under those regulations as well.
Safter and less e-waste.
I mean shit, why are 1 time use disposable electronics even allowed? E-cigarettes you toss instead of swapping a cartridge are a quick one that comes to mind. Apparently people get mail/advertisements in the mail now that have some sort of lcd screen so they can play a video. So you just chuck a battery and screen when you open your mail. That's disgusting. (Amazing how far the tech has come, but still)
It seems to me that one simple (and therefore probably wrong) solution to e-waste would be to have retailers, distributors, and manufacturers accept nonworking or obsolete devices for responsible disposal or recycling.
Turn the one-way supply chain bidirectional. If you sell it, you've gotta take it back when it's broken. If you have an assembly line for making it, you can make a disassembly line for taking it apart. If that's expensive, well, apply some ingenuity to making it cheaper.
Want to deal with fewer broken devices? Make devices that don't break so much.
There are solutions for battery safety with Li-Ion battery types. It's just these cheap products are not using them. They use the cheapest batteries which also have the least safety. Then they use the cheapest charging components which again increases the hazard. Charging faults are a common cause of Li-Ion battery fires.
Safer Li-Ion battery types are commonly used, but may be heavier and/or more expensive. For example the safest Li-Ion battery is the lithium iron phosphate type (known as LiFePO4). It's quite safe against fire, but it's heavier and more expensive. Next safest is the lithium manganese iron phosphate type (known as LMFP). It's considerably safer and still has the weight advantage, but more expensive. That type is used a lot in cars and home energy solutions.
Is this an American thing? In Europe we have regulated batteries and chargers made by well known companies like LG, Samsung and Panasonic.
People in Europe can easily buy cheap shit from wish.com and whatever that new one is and import them, also you'll get them on ebay from people that just importing in bulk. They will certainly have a nice FCC and CE sticker on them. But, no they're most certainly not certified!
Cheaply made non conforming electronics has been a thing for decades now. But until now it's generally been power supplies that pollute the radio waves with noise (and might go pop one day, but probably not cause a fire). Now we're messing with lithium based batteries without the proper safety circuits you see on property certified stuff. They can cause serious self fueling fires that are hard to put out.
In short, in Europe I would only trust something I bought on a retailer with a national presence and definitely NOT ebay.
You can find these in the US but they're a lot more expensive so folks always save the 50% to buy the no brand trash that breaks in a month to one year and is also a chemical bomb.
It globally affects anyone who buys products that don't meet safety standards. For example if you live in the EU, you can buy and ship products sourced from cheap labor markets through sites like Alibaba.
For products powered by Li-Ion batteries a good rule is always buy a trusted name brand. You can save money buying some cheap no-name brand, but then you may be putting yourself at risk for fire. And Li-Ion battery fires are especially nasty because they burn anaerobically, in other words they don't need oxygen to burn and are difficult to extinguish.
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