Here is the report Security and Trust: An Unsolvable Digital Dilemma? (pdf)
Police authorities and governments are calling for digital backdoors for investigative purposes - and the EU Commission is listening. The Centre for European Policy (cep) warns against a weakening of digital encryption. The damage to cyber security, fundamental rights and trust in digital infrastructures would be enormous.
[...]
The debate has become explosive due to the current dispute between the USA and the UK. The British government is demanding that Apple provide a backdoor to the iCloud to allow investigating authorities access to encrypted data. Eckhardt sees parallels with the EU debate: "We must prevent the new security strategy from becoming a gateway for global surveillance." Technology companies such as Meta, WhatsApp and Signal are already under pressure to grant investigators access to encrypted messages.
"Once you install a backdoor, you lose control over who uses it," says Küsters. Chinese hackers were recently able to access sensitive data through a vulnerability in US telecommunications networks - a direct consequence of the infrastructure there. Instead, Küsters advocates a strategy of "security by design", i.e. designing systems securely from the outset, and the increased use of metadata analyses and platform cooperation as viable alternatives to mass surveillance.
[...]
Lessons from across the Atlantic?
A recent episode from the US provides an illustrative cautionary tale. For decades, some US law enforcement and intelligence agencies advocated “exceptional access” to encrypted communications, claiming that only criminals needed such robust privacy protections – echoing the current debate in the EU. But over the past months, a dramatic shift occurred following revelations that Chinese state-sponsored hackers had infiltrated major US telecommunications networks, gaining access to call metadata and possibly even live calls (the so-called “Salt Typhoon” hack).
Specifically, the Chinese hackers exploited systems that US telecom companies had built to comply with federal wiretapping laws such as Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), which requires telecommunications firms to enable “lawful intercepts”. In theory, these built-in channels were supposed to only give law enforcement an exclusive window into suspect communications. In practice, however, they became a universal vulnerability that hostile actors could just as easily exploit.
Suddenly, the very government voices that once dismissed end-to-end encryption began recommending that citizens use encrypted messaging apps to maintain their security.
**What can we learn from this? **
While governments often push for greater surveillance capabilities, the real and current threat of state-sponsored cyber-espionage demonstrates the indispensable value of strong encryption. As the Electronic Frontier Foundation has noted, Salt Typhoon shows once more that there is no such thing as a backdoor that only the “good guys” can use.
If the mechanism exists, a malicious party will eventually find it and weaponise it. The lesson for Europe is clear: undermining encryption to aid investigations may prove short-sighted if it also exposes citizens – and state institutions – to hostile foreign interference. Is this really what we want to do in an increasingly challenging geopolitical environment? The debate about ensuring lawful and effective access to data in the digital age will remain one of the most pressing challenges, so we need to ask whether there are alternative, viable models.
[...]