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Not Rick had a great answer, but I wanted to try to contribute simple examples:
True, skin color is a trait that can be traced by DNA, but so is eye color, or hair color. We could easily create "races" based on "Brown hair vs blonde hair", "brown eyes vs green eyes", "people who need glasses vs people that don't", "shorties and tall-os", "those who can roll their tongue, and the inferior swine that were never blessed by the Great tongue father."
All traceable in the same way as skin color, but we consider them "features", and not race defining traits.
Who decided that? And why?
Yeah that's clear. As to the why, I suppose it's because our brains are wired to categorize things and find patterns everywhere. It is useful to have labels for groups with common traits, although I do recognize the issues with that when it comes to systemic discrimination.
Edit: thanks for the answer!
The thing is, hair is equally as heritable, and immediately visible. As humans, we can see and categorise skin equally with hair.
The fact that we don't use hair as a major defining trait though is arbitrary. That's just social norms, nothing more.
We kind of do though. There's nothing official about hair types, but there's all kinds of stereotypes about people with certain hair colors, like blondes, or redheads. There's even some scientific evidence that people with red hair have higher pain thresholds.