As far as I know, it‘s like the Share Name and Photo feature of iMessage, which is end-to-end encrypted. What algorithm they use, is unclear. I suppose it‘s similar to how Signal profiles work.
this post was submitted on 19 Aug 2023
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Huh, I never considered it from the iMessage standpoint. Isn’t that (currently) just a messaging protocol? I didn’t think it manages your contacts. I thought Apple just used CardDAV, which supports contact images. It was their excuse for why they couldn’t end to end encrypt that data, with ADP.
This Name and Photo Sharing feature is proprietary and does not have anything to do with CardDAV directly. I think if you sync your Contacts in your iCloud (with ADP enabled), your Contact info is still unencrypted.