Programming

Since you specifically mentioned C# : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/coding-style/coding-conventions

I'd be surprised if there is a serious language that doesn't come with at least some semi-official style guide. But usually they are not universally followed and everybody just does their own thing.

Rust has a style guide and comes with a linter. But I don't think you need to follow it if you don't want.

I'm fond of Go, which comes with its own auto formatter. It eliminates all arguments over style and format.

go fmt has been a thing for almost 11 years

If you're using visual studio (2022 is current) the idiomatic styling will be mostly correct by default (Ctrl k,e will reformat).

There's dotnet format which will format your code. You can configure it with editorconfig

For practical advice, I recommend starting a project with dotnet new editorconfig which covers many of the .NET coding conventions. If you want more strict standards you can use StyleCop, but you will need to configure it a bit to be consistent with the .NET conventions.

lots of languages have linters to enforce style. Examples are jslint/eslint phplint, etc..

There are a few coding conventions and style guides for C#:

• .NET C# Coding Style
• .NET Framework design guidelines
• C# at Google Style Guide

JavaScript / TypeScript are famously free-form, but a number of styles (and style-enforcing tools) have emerged.

“Prettier” is the most recent. It actually parses your code into an AST and then re-prints it according to its style.

“ESLint” is the most widespread; it is more of a framework into which rules can be plugged.

I use “XO”, which is essentially a custom eslint ruleset with a few other nice things tacked on.

The best part of eslint/xo is the “—fix” command, which can auto-fix most mistakes.

Most languages with "official" formatting guidelines are due to limitations of the compiler/interpreter. Mixing whitespace in Python (or older Fortran) is a great way to error out massively.

For the more modern compiled languages, there is no need. But there still tend to be popular formats from companies like Google

Someone else already mentioned Rust, but to add to it, rustup installs rustfmt (opinionated formatter) and clippy (linter) by default, but you can choose not to run them or even install them. rustfmt has a few configuration options, but is for the most part strict in how it formats code.

PEP8 is nice since it sets some common rules across Python projects, but I'm not a fan of some of the decisions they made. The biggest one for me was discouraging defining variables/attributes/etc that use the same name as built-ins. That means no variable named input, no attr on your data model named id, etc. Still, since the language doesn't strictly enforce this, you can easily adjust these rules to meet your project's needs.

I believe go requires you to run the bundled formatter to even compile the code, but I could be misremembering.

For Java, I guess this as official as you can get.

https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/codeconventions-150003.pdf

C# has the Microsoft coding standards that are most accepted. PHP has the PSR standards. JavaScript has pretty much nothing and is the Wild West.

Those are the only ones I know about.

In my experience, they're rarely as strictly enforced as e.g. flake8 does it for Python, but yeah, there is usually some resource suggesting a code style. If all else fails, you can look at some of the code the language authors have written. They'll usually have developed a rather consistent style...