For anyone who stopped reading at the headline, it's because the material they were using didn't reach the strength requirements of the project (5,000 psi), despite what previous tests had suggested (6,000 to 8,000 psi). With revisions to the material used, they intend to begin working on the second planned house in the spring.
this post was submitted on 30 Nov 2023
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Is 3D printing houses a gimmick? Why not good old modular houses made in factories and shipped?
Not necessarily, the tech is still new and has its issues that need to be worked out.
Ultimately though, modular houses are nice, but they're all similar to each other because they're made in a factory and have a size limit.
3D printed houses have the advantage of being able to be any shape or layout (Within reason) that the builders/homeowners want while still having the potential to be significantly cheaper and faster than standard construction.
Basically, it's a good middle ground between standard construction and factory modular homes
modular houses are nice, but they’re all similar to each other
I'm not so sure. New American and Canadian houses are famously similar to each other. We build big neighborhood blocks of almost identical looking track houses. If I could, instead, order a house from online catalogs, that might actually increase aesthetic diversity.
We used to have more diversity in housing styles, which is why older neighborhoods have lots of different home styles. But a lot of those 100 year old neighborhoods are actually full of Sears catalog homes. Basically, pre-cut, pre-fabricated modular homes!
*tract, apparently.
having the potential to be significantly cheaper and faster than standard construction
I don't see how this can ever be true. The only material that can come out of the printer is the concrete for the walls. The walls then have to be reinforced (because concrete is only good under compression), insulated, finished, and then have windows, doors, wiring and plumbing installed... all of which is still just manual labor. The walls aren't even the expensive part of homebuilding.
It depends on what you're building. If you want a normal rectangular house, 3D printing will be incredibly inefficient and pointless compared to traditional framing techniques.
On the other hand, if you want curved walls, traditional framing becomes incredibly complex and expensive, whereas 3D printing takes exactly the same materials and labour regardless.
I think 3D printing an entire house is just a gimmick, but it will still be an incredibly useful tool, even if only used for simple things like making rounded foundation pads or retaining walls that follow the landscape or curved hallways connecting modular buildings.
How many people actually want curved walls though?
You need curved couches, shelves, cabinets, windows and picture frames then too.
Geodesic domes housing is even faster to build, but it turns out not very many people like living in circular (or spherical) houses.
How many people actually want curved walls though?
People who hire fancy architects. Not people who have to work for a living.
Maybe not completely a gimmick - you can actually build functional walls with it. But it is nowhere near replacing traditional construction in terms of cost or time.
Personally, I don't see this process ever getting easier. Concrete pumping is a nasty, complicated and error-prone business. Once you mix concrete it is immediately starting to cure - you have a very limited amount of time before it turns into rock inside the printer. Just think about trying to pump a thick fluid with the density of stone - every part of the system is always on the edge of clogging up. It's an impressive technical feat that any of these projects actually completed their walls, but none of the advertising videos are showing you how much micromanagement is being done to keep the printers working.
You can't see it getting any better? Has history not shown new technologies can change in ways unknown to the original inventors?
I don't; at least no in our lifetimes (I'll call that 50 years). I've been an engineer in the building industry for 25 of my 35 professional years, and I've watched multiple "disruptive" technologies progress and mature. 3D printing may very well become a useful tool for complex building geometry in certain niche markets but it will not take over any substantial part of the building industry during the life of any adult today. And I say that as someone who has helped new technologies to market, done design for nearly every (non-3d printed) material around (cordwood, straw, timbercrete - hell, I had a guy call me who wanted to build a garage out of 400 surplus 19" aluminum server racks he got at an auction).
3D printed walls will go right up there with geodesic domes, hyperbolic parabaloid concrete, and (as much as I hate to say it) structural insulated panels. It's not that there is anything wrong with it, or the other methods I mention, it will simply not achieve mass adoption due to a combination of appearance and cost competitiveness of the finished product.
I mean, 3D printing itself was just a gimmick, some niche little curiosity that didn't have any practical use. Things improve, new use cases emerge, times change.
Sure, but 3D printings greatest advancements have been opening up new engineering possibilities, not replacing old refined and efficient ones.
3D printed complex structures for cooling systems, or molecular structures are things we couldn’t do before. Or printing small batches of rare parts or prototypes that would otherwise require injection mold design and fabrication are great advancements.
We don’t have any problems building houses fast. It’s all financial (capitalistic) and social problems that are making home ownership hard right now.
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It’s easier to ship material than finished chunks. You can print all the shapes you need from one batch of material instead of having to fabricate and ship the correct modules.
But then you need to do significant construction with that material. And it’s not just one material: there are pipes, electrical, insulation, flooring, etc. It’s only replacing a few admittedly major parts of the material. Everything else still takes tons of labor. I could be wrong, but I’m not convinced the labor savings are greater compared to modular housing.
You're completely right. The framing, which is what this 3D printing replaces, is one of the fastest parts of home construction.
The site preparation, utilities, and interior finishing work are what take the longest. Modular homes can significantly speed up all of those components.
You’re probably right, right now. But I am put in mind of ya boi Ben Franklin when asked “What use is [a prototype hot air balloon]” He replied "What is the use of a newborn child?"
Early plastic 3d printers were clunky and of poor quality, but now entire industries have spawned around them and they have revolutionised at-home prototyping.
Right now, this is a gimmick. But the potential, if nurtured is pretty serious, imo.
Yeah, I suppose I'm questioning even the potential. Some technologies don't pan out, which is why we're not all riding around on our Segways. Underestimating future technology is certainly one risk, but the other risk is assuming every technology is inevitable progress.
How much do you know about the costs for standard construction vs printed construction?
Given how new this is, I doubt anyone knows how much this will cost at scale, even the manufacturers.
That's one top reason some are doing this. Experiment and try to find or develop a profitable business segment. There's very rarely a ready market for any new process.
The real solution would be medium density housing, this is the best in terms of ecology and economy. Buy you know that's communism or something
Yes, strong agree! Medium density is also the most affordable to build per square footage, compared to low density detached single family homes and high density super tall glass and metal towers.
It might be cynical but 3D printed construction eliminates jobs and thereby increases the share of newly created wealth to the one who owns the means of production, and that seems to be attractive these days, especially if the means or production are priced or regulated out of reach of most everyone.
I'm all for reducing jobs, tax the hell out of the owners of the means of production.
Hell yea, then distribute that money so people aren't bound to work and can pursue health, hobbies, relationships, self-improvement, take care of their children & parents, or whatever!
They're not a gimmick, they're dirt cheap to build relative to the quality you get (when you're not a pack of literal community college students using a non-load-bearing material like hempcrete, working on a learning project). Like, substantially cheaper than building and assembling modular houses.
For comparison, modular homes typically cost between $180,000-$360,000 to build and install, averaging about $270k. 3D printed homes can start around $4-$10k if you really scrimp and scrape and most examples I've seen average around $20-$40k.
Like, sure, there are tradeoffs probably, but I haven't seen any that outweigh a literal order of magnitude cost savings on construction. Look at housing prices and tell me honestly you don't see any value in kicking out starter homes for under $50k a piece.
Its worth noting, your numbers are super misleading..
the manufactured home cost in the bob vila article includes the entire house (foundations, land clearing, utilities, finishes, permit fees, etc).. aka, for the 270k, youre getting a move-in ready house.
The 3D printed home cost in your builtin article appears to only include the basic structure (aka the cheap part). Still gotta pay teams of people to come on-site to do everything else. The cheapest they mentioned was $299k for a move-in ready house.
Well, I double checked because I've done a fair amount of research and the All3DP article was literally just a random example I found off Google. A realtor interviewed for Yahoo! finance said buyers could expect to pay about $15k-$50k for a starter 3d-printed home. Doesn't sound like I'm actually in the wrong ballpark here. How fancy you make it and where you put it will obviously influence the cost of construction. A 3d printed summer mansion for Bill Gates in the Bay Area isn't going to be $15k, obviously.
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/3d-printed-houses-cost-actually-140015971.html
Yeah, so two things.
- Standard hempcrete mixes don't exist which raises the barrier to entry substantially. You have to make your own at this time or buy a custom mix off someone. It's not surprising that they likely got it wrong, as they're community college students who were already playing with advanced industrial processes.
- You're not supposed to use hempcrete for load-bearing applications to start with, it lacks the structural strength!! What were they thinking!! It looks nice, has that lovely earth tone, and it has good insulating properties, but that's it! It's a finishing material! Here's a page from some random builder I found on Google who specializes in hempcrete construction:
Areas of use. It can be used to build self-insulating walls, roofs and screeds It can be adapted to all types of building project including new builds and renovations. It is not a load-bearing material. Consequently, when building walls, it is cast around a primary or secondary structural frame made of timber, metal or concrete.
Anyways, as someone who's looked into this stuff before, I'm irritated they did it like this. They were supposed to figure this out before they started printing. Where the hell was their professor?
It wasn't hempcrete they used (there's a note about the article being edited) and the article says that it performed appropriately in the lab, and they chose to tear it down because once built it didn't meet the requirements they had established in the lab it should be able to meet
Thanks for the update! Makes a tiny bit more sense.
Sure thing ☺️ hope you have a good one!
Still lasted longer than what I 3D-print, so eh.