Hi! I'm afraid there is not a solution that groups all the functionality you that are looking for. Anyway, these are the AWS services I use for most of the requirements you described. Take at count most of them require AWS services and your company will be charged for most of them.
Default blocking for certain CIDRs.
Exceptions for certain IP/Host and port combos within those CIDRs.
Use Security Groups (free cost): https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/vpc-security-groups.html
Authentication and authorisation to use said exceptions (i.e. user tracking).
You can implement user Authentication using AWS Cognito: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/what-is-amazon-cognito.html.
Additionally you can delegate the user authentication by using Application Load Balancers and Cognito. See: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/listener-authenticate-users.html
Detailed logging on connections; source, dest, request and response sizes, ports, protocols, whatever we can get out hands on.
All of the above for all (?) kinds of TCP connections (HTTPS, Postgres, Oracle DB, MongoDB, as examples).
For connections through the Load Balancer y suggest you to enable access logs (requires an S3 bucket and will generate additional charges). For the rest of connections you may want to check this but I never tried it.