Ask Electronics

You have a pretty good list already. There are definitely still electronic component kits out there that are a handful of resistors, capacitors, and transistors of different values and some LEDs. You can also look at the parts in these kits and order them yourself from a place like Digi-key or Mouser, not sure what is available to you. It might save you a couple of bucks.

You probably don't need a variable power supply, unless you really want one. But you should be fine with a 2 or 3 AA battery holder that has some wire leads you can plug into the breadboard. 10k Ohm potentiometers are the most common and the only kind I think I used in school. You can also look into logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, XOR) to start getting into the digital side of electronics without a microcontroller. Logic gates are the building blocks behind modern computers. There are IC chips that fit into breadboards in the 74HC Series.

I don't understand the list, the first don't have a question mark, but then they do. Does that mean that the first items are already in your possession and you imagine needing the rest?

If you have all the stuff on your list, I get a book. Practical Electronics for Inventors by Paul Scherz is a terrific resource. With that in hand you can start dreaming up projects and realizing them.

If the question mark is the stuff you expect to need, I'd say that a lab power supply is almost a must have. Nothing fancy, something that'll do 20 or 30V and a few amps, if you're looking for something a bit more, then same specs but with current limiting. Something like this https://www.reichelt.de/de/en/laboratory-power-supply-0-30-v-0-3-a-risu-compliant-mcp-lbn-303-p324544.html but see if there's a second hand market for this stuff in your area.

Some basic components kits like a resistor and a capacitor kit. Maybe assorted diodes and transistors. Maybe get some voltage regulators, 7805 7809 and 7812,, they can come in handy, when you've only got a single output on the psu and need different voltages.

That should be enough for a few months of fun. Next you'll maybe play with timing and triggers. So a pc scope opamps and some 555s.

Analog electronics are really cool, but they're also less forgiving in learning than digital electronics are.

Taking an Arduino and doing some simple projects is simple enough, but it's not always that easy with analog electronics. I don't mean to discourage you, it's perfectly possible, it's just somewhat harder to understand.

Very soon into your journey in analog electronics, you'll run into working with AC signals, and at that point I'm quite sure you're going to need some sort of oscilloscope. There are cheaper desktop oscilloscopes for 300€-ish (for example from the brand Siglent) that perform very well for the price. If you wanna go cheaper than that, I have a DS212 mini handheld oscilloscope from Miniware. It's quite basic and lacks some functionality, but it's a banger for the 90€ it costed when I bought it.

To your list I would add a soldering iron, and if you allow me a recommendation, I'd buy the latest model of the Pinecil available, I think that would be the V2, from the Pine64 website. It's an amazing little soldering iron that, again, is impossible to beat at its price point.

Good luck in your endeavours!!

For a desk power supply I highly recommend these.

https://a.aliexpress.com/_mK6QGlC

You'll need a higher voltage PSU to put in front. I recommend meanwell.