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Anything but revolvers, bolt-action, and pump-action. ..well, there's muzzle loaders, too.. Kinda extreme.
I'd consider a revolver to be semi automatic as well. It shoots each time you squeeze the trigger.
Strictly speaking "one pull of the trigger, one round out of the barrel," maybe. There is a distinction though.
A double-action revolver gets the energy for moving the next round into firing position and cocking the action from the shooter's trigger finger. This results in a rather long and heavy trigger pull, or you have to cock the hammer manually with your thumb, if the gun allows it. So with a double-action revolver, there's an upper limit to rapid, accurate fire. You often get one or the other, seldom both.
Semi-automatics use energy from the cartridge to eject the spent cartridge, strip a new one from the magazine and cock the action for another shot. Because the shooter doesn't have to do all that work with their fingers, it is much easier to shoot rapidly while maintaining accuracy.
Revolvers seldom hold more than 6 shots before requiring a fairly lengthy and fiddly reload, semi-automatics hold 7 shots minimum with some guns holding as many as 17 rounds before requiring a much simpler magazine swap.
Because of the gap between the cylinder and the barrel allowing hot gases to escape, revolving rifles are rare, which is why they tend to go from a manual loading system like a bolt action to semi-automatic.
Thing is, it doesn't really matter. Firearm engineering isn't the cause of shootings. President Kennedy was killed with a bolt action rifle. Columbine was a failed bombing, the murders were done with a shotgun and an open-bolt pistol which AFAIK has successfully been banned. Virginia Tech was done with handguns. A large number of them have been done with AR-15 patterned semi-automatic rifles.
As much fun as it would be to ban all guns, if for no other reason than to hurt the Republicans' feelings as punishment for being such thoroughly shitty "people", it's just not a thing that's going to happen. Pandora has opened that box. There's other things that need to happen, like, reality needs to contain the possibility for ordinary people to survive on wages they'll actually be paid. But, recall that the Republicans are thoroughly shitty, they don't want that to happen either.
A non-double action revolver would fit the bill, but I don't think those even exist
The Colt Single Action Army is likely one of the most iconic pistols in the US, "The gun that won the west." You've seen them in many movies without realizing it.
The term you're looking for his "single action" or sometimes "cowboy action" though that will also include lever action rifles and shotguns, and break actions as well.
Single Action is defined by the trigger having the single function of releasing the hammer (you thumb and cocks the hammer which rotates the cylinder separately). Double action trigger pull will rotate the cylinder and cycle the hammer.
1st, yes, single-action revolvers are analogous to bolt action rifles. 2nd, no single actions are not considered semi-automatic. Single Action or double action refers specifically to the trigger function(s).
Semi-automatic or fully-automatic refers to functions after the hammer falls. Semi-autos automatically cock the hammer and load the next round, then waits for you to pull the trigger again. One trigger pull fires one round, and loads one round. Fully automatic will fire a round, cock the hammer, load the next round and automatically fire it, continuously until the trigger is released or source of ammo runs dry.
A semi-auto pistol can be single-action (see:1911) or double-action (see: M9).
Look up cowboy action shooting and guns like the Ruger Vaquero. They do exist.