C Programming Language

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C can be memory-safe (2023) (blog.erratasec.com)

submitted 7 months ago by lysdexic@programming.dev to c/c_lang@programming.dev

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[–] suy@programming.dev 3 points 7 months ago (1 children)

this has to do with writing ‘better’ code, which has proved impossible over and over again

I can't speak for C, as I don't follow it that much, but for C++, this is just not fair. It has been proven repeatedly that it can be done better, and much better. Each iteration has made so many things simpler, more productive, and also safer. Now, there are two problems with what I just said:

That it has been done safer, that doesn't mean that everyone makes good use of it.
That it has been done safer, doesn't mean that everything is fixable, and that it's on the same level of other, newer languages.

If that last part is what you mean, fine. But the way that you phrased (and that I quoted) is just not right.

At this point it’s literally easier to slowly port to a better language than it is to try and ‘fix’ C/C++.

Surely not for everything. Of course I see great value if I can stop depending on OpenSSL, and move to a better library written in a better language. Seriously looking forward for the day when I see dynamic libraries written in Rust in my package manager. But I'd like to see what's the plan for moving a large stack of C and C++ code, like a Linux distribution, to some "better language". I work everyday on such a stack (e.g. KDE Neon in my case, but applicable to any other typical distro with KDE or GNOME), and deploy to customers on such a stack (on Linux embedded like Yocto). Will the D-Bus daemon be written in Rust? Perhaps. Systemd? Maybe. NetworkManager, Udisks, etc.? Who knows. All the plethora of C and C++ applications that we use everyday? Doubtful.

[–] snowe@programming.dev 6 points 7 months ago

I can’t speak for C, as I don’t follow it that much, but for C++, this is just not fair. It has been proven repeatedly that it can be done better, and much better. Each iteration has made so many things simpler, more productive, and also safer. Now, there are two problems with what I just said:

That comment was not talking about programming languages, it was talking about human's inability to write perfect code. Humans are unable to solve problems correctly 100% of the time. So if the language doesn't do it for them then it will not happen. See Java for a great example of this. Java has Null Pointer Exceptions absolutely everywhere. So a bunch of different groups created annotations that would give you warnings, and even fail to compile if something was mismatched or a null check was missed. But if you miss a single @NotNull annotation anywhere in the code, then suddenly you can get null errors again. It's not enforced by the type system and as a result humans can forget. Kotlin came along and 'solved it' at the type level, where types are nullable or non-nullable. But, hilariously enough, you can still get NPEs in Kotlin because it's commonly used to interop with Java.

My point is that C/C++ can't solve this at a fundamental level, the same way Kotlin and Java cannot solve this. Programmers are the problem, so you have to have a system that was built from the ground up to solve the problem. That's what we are getting in modern day languages. You can't just tack the system on after the fact, unless it completely removes any need for the programmer to do literally anything, because the programmer is the problem.

Surely not for everything. Of course I see great value if I can stop depending on OpenSSL, and move to a better library written in a better language. Seriously looking forward for the day when I see dynamic libraries written in Rust in my package manager. But I’d like to see what’s the plan for moving a large stack of C and C++ code, like a Linux distribution, to some “better language”. I work everyday on such a stack (e.g. KDE Neon in my case, but applicable to any other typical distro with KDE or GNOME), and deploy to customers on such a stack (on Linux embedded like Yocto). Will the D-Bus daemon be written in Rust? Perhaps. Systemd? Maybe. NetworkManager, Udisks, etc.? Who knows. All the plethora of C and C++ applications that we use everyday? Doubtful.

I'm not talking about whole scale rewrites. I'm talking about what Linux is already doing with writing new code in Rust, or small portions of performance critical code in a memory safe language. I'm not talking about like what Fish Shell did and rewrote the whole codebase in one go, because that's not realistic. But slowly converting an entire codebase over? That's incredibly realistic. I've done so with several 250k+ line Java codebases, converting them to Kotlin. When languages are built to be easy to move to (Rust, Kotlin, etc), then migrating to them slowly over time where it matters is easily attainable.