fbref.com has a column in its records that counts the penalties won by a player (by being fouled) since 2016/17 for the Top-5-Leagues, the Champions League and the Europa League. Actually, for some reason the stats are there for LaLiga since 15/16 so I included that too. Additionally in the stats included are:
the Portuguese League since 2017/18,
UEFA Conference League since its inception,
World Cup 2018 and 2022,
Euros 2020,
Copa América 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021
FIFA Confederations Cup 2017,
AFCON 2015, 2017,
Asian Cup 2019,
CONCACAF Gold Cup 2015, 2017.
Yes, unfortunately in some of these continental tournaments the stats for penalties won weren't recorded in the latest editions. I can't do anything about that but I included the years where the data is available.
Here is the Top-List:
| Penalties won | Player |
|---|---|
| 24 | Kylian Mbappé Lottin, Raheem Sterling |
| 22 | Neymar, Mehdi Taremi |
| 19 | Ciro Immobile |
| 17 | Mohamed Salah |
| 16 | Jamie Vardy, Robert Lewandowski |
| 15 | Luis Suárez, Cristiano Ronaldo, Edin Dzeko, Wilfried Zaha |
| 14 | Federico Chiesa, Alexandre Lacazette, Marcus Thuram, Ismaila Sarr |
| 13 | Nabil Fekir, Mauro Icardi, Timo Werner, Dries Mertens, Christopher Nkunku, Victor Osimhen |
| 12 | Breel Donald Embolo, Andrea Belotti, Josip Ilicic, Marcus Rashford |
| 11 | Moussa Dembélé, Paulinho (Portugal), Edinson Cavani, Santi Mina |
If you think it's unfair that 15/16 LaLiga is included then just substract 2 penalties from Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez and 8 pens from Neymar (lol)
I also researched for all 139 players (that I found) with 6 or more penalties won how many minutes they played in the competitions mentioned above and calculated the players with the highest penalties won per minutes played ratio. The left column is Minutes played divided through Penalties won:
| Won a Penalty every x Minutes on Average | Player |
|---|---|
| 507 | Corentin Jean |
| 536 | Enner Valencia |
| 542 | Mehdi Taremi |
| 706 | Carlos Júnior |
| 779 | Victor Osimhen |
| 836 | Khouma Babacar |
| 838 | Toni Martínez |
| 853 | Ismaïla Sarr |
| 898 | Gianluca Lapadula |
| 918 | Kylian Mbappé Lottin |
| 924 | Raheem Sterling |
| 930 | Jhon Murillo |
| 934 | Ignatius Ganago |
| 945 | Marcus Thuram |
| 947 | Neymar |
| 950 | Moussa Dembélé |
| 959 | Nicola Sansone |
| 977 | Josip Ilicic |
| 979 | Ivan Toney |
| 992 | Breel Donald Embolo |
| 1008 | Anthony Lozano |
| 1018 | Mauro Icardi |
| 1028 | Christopher Nkunku |
| 1049 | Serhou Guirassy |
| 1051 | Randal Kolo Muani |
There's also the stat for Penalties conceded, admittedly it would be hella interesting to get the same stats like here for penalties conceded but for now I am too tired to get started on that, this right here already took very long.
I knew Taremi would be on that list once I saw the post.