Technology
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I think it’s because TOTP requires some sort of initial token sync that is more complicated than entering a telephone number. There’s also no need to have people backup codes etc. To use Authy for example I need to photograph a QR code and have a smart phone.
Text message as a solution works on older non-smart phones so it’s possibly the “most widely accessible” solution.
From a backend perspective as well it’s just an API text $random to $phone.
TOTP is much easier to implement on the backend. No API required, just generate a few codes yourself and check if the user gave you one of them (multiple codes to provide a time window).
You have to configure the users device at the start to give you your own codes back…
That’s just a secret, like a password. If you can save their password, you can save their TOTP secret. For the user, they just scan a QR code with their app. They don’t even have to type the code in.