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People one might call "black" make up roughly 12% of the population of the USA but just 0.5% of the population of Germany. Furthermore (and this shouldn't be surprising after centuries of repression) the black population of the USA is, statistically speaking, doing a lot worse than the rest of the country.
(Population numbers are from Wikipedia.)
Thus, from a German point of view, black people are rare individuals. From an American point of view, black people are a large, distinct subpopulation and it's easy for a person looking for a reason to reinforce his racist beliefs about them to find it.
Also (and this is is conjecture) I suspect that Germans outside the far right may be unusually reluctant to stereotype minorities, for obvious reasons. In that sense, Germany rather than the USA may be the outlier, but the problems in the USA are going to be particularly visible because the USA is such a huge presence in global culture and because the different groups in the USA are easy to distinguish while the ones in many other countries look and act the same as far as an outsider can tell.
Of course, and stereotypes are not tolerated in many contexts. For example, I'm a white-collar worker and I'm pretty sure that I would have serious problems at every job I ever had if I said or did something racist at work (or even outside of work if it became sufficiently public).
That is a good point (although it seems like dark skinned population in Germany is closer to 1 percent so it's probably 1/100 in Germany and 12/100 in America). But I think it's noteworthy that Germany also has large numbers of migrant population and a big percentage of people are from the middle east who also have different features but even a quite different religion being the Islam (seems like Muslims make up about 7% of the population) and people here don't really make a big thing out of whether they're ethnicity is Arab or German or if their religion is Islam or Christianity. Although there's a growing population being against them I think the general consensus is that Germany is very open for migration and we take many refugees. About 17% of the German population so almost 2 in 10 people are first-generation immigrants and in America it's only 13% (and soon properly way less since it seems like they will mass deport illegal immigrants?? That btw seems crazy to me but I don't wanna get political). About 55% of the Muslims also have German citizenship and many of them lived here for multiple generations.
But I appreciate that stereotypes are not tolerated in some American jobs, that's a good start.
This depends heavily on where in the US you live/work. In the more conservative rural areas racism is tolerated so long as you're not screaming it from the rooftops or wearing it on your sleeve. I have the appearance of someone who most would assume is very conservative so people feel far too comfortable being total racist shitbags around me.